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NSE’s DRHP highlights key risks linked to derivatives trading and technology. Options and futures generated ₹11,478 crore in transaction charges in Fiscal 2026, while NSE’s platform handled up to 21.89 billion peak order messages in a day.
A large trading business also comes with its own set of risks. NSE’s Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP) highlights several factors that could affect its operations and financial performance.
1. Derivatives Trading
2. Technology
A large part of NSE’s trading revenue comes from the derivatives segment. In Fiscal 2026, options contributed ₹9,997.57 crore in transaction charges, while futures contributed ₹1,480.10 crore.
This also means changes in derivatives trading can have a direct impact on NSE’s revenue.
The DRHP says lower trading activity can affect NSE’s financial performance. Trading volumes may change due to market conditions, investor sentiment, technology issues and regulatory changes.
SEBI changed the equity index derivatives rules in 2024. The changes included upfront collection of option premiums, higher contract sizes and changes to weekly expiries.
SEBI introduced further changes in May 2025. These covered the calculation of open interest and market-wide position limits. The DRHP says these regulatory changes affected options and futures volumes. This also led to lower revenue from these segments in Fiscal 2026.
In addition, the DRHP points out concerns about short-term derivative operations, especially index options on expiry day. Such operations could increase speculation and may lead to losses for retail investors.
NSE’s operations depend heavily on its technology systems. Its trading platform processes a huge amount of activity every day.
The scale of NSE’s technology operations is significant. As of March 31, 2026, its platform was handling an average of 12 to 14 billion messages a day. On March 24, it recorded 21.89 billion peak order messages, while 201 million trades were executed on the same day. The system can handle around 5 million messages per second.
The DRHP also highlights the risks linked to this technology infrastructure. Software failures, connectivity issues and problems with order matching could disrupt trading operations. Cybersecurity is another concern. The exchange could face incidents such as ransomware attacks, data breaches or denial-of-service attacks.
NSE has systems in place to reduce these risks. Its infrastructure includes seven data centres, built-in redundancy and a disaster recovery site. The company also says it had no data breaches in Fiscal 2026, Fiscal 2025 and Fiscal 2024.
However, maintaining this infrastructure comes at a cost. Technology expenses increased from ₹78.62 crore in Fiscal 2024 to ₹131.46 crore in Fiscal 2026.
For the NSE IPO, these risks are worth noting. Derivatives remain an important part of the exchange’s business, while technology is at the centre of its operations. Any major change in trading volumes, regulations or system performance could affect the business.
Additional Read: How To Apply For An IPO
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