Interval funds are a unique category of mutual funds that blend features of both open-ended and closed-ended schemes. Unlike traditional mutual funds that allow daily transactions, interval funds restrict buying and selling to specific time intervals determined in advance by the fund house. This structure enables fund managers to focus on long-term investment strategies without concerns about frequent redemptions affecting liquidity.
These funds often invest in a combination of equity and debt instruments, with a strong inclination towards debt securities and alternative investments. Due to their illiquid nature, interval funds are suited for investors with a well-defined financial horizon and a moderate risk appetite. They are particularly appealing to those looking for exposure to unconventional assets such as commercial properties, private debt, and infrastructure projects, which are not typically found in regular mutual funds.
Understanding Interval Funds in Mutual Funds
Interval funds are mutual funds that permit transactions only during predefined periods, offering limited liquidity compared to open-ended schemes. These funds are structured to allow investors to purchase or redeem units during specific windows, which are announced by the fund house in advance. This approach ensures that fund managers have the flexibility to manage investments efficiently, without the pressure of continuous inflows and outflows. Due to their investment strategy, interval funds are often considered suitable for investors with a medium-term to long-term investment outlook.
How Do Interval Mutual Funds Work?
Interval mutual funds function as a hybrid between open-ended and closed-ended funds. Investors can buy or sell units only during predetermined intervals, which could be monthly, quarterly, or annually, as per the scheme’s structure. The transactions occur at the prevailing Net Asset Value (NAV) during these windows, ensuring transparency in pricing.
Since interval funds limit redemptions, fund managers can deploy assets in less liquid investment opportunities that may offer better long-term returns. Unlike open-ended funds, where liquidity concerns can lead to premature asset liquidation, interval funds allow managers to stay invested in high-yielding opportunities without disruptions. Additionally, some interval funds may be listed on stock exchanges, offering an alternative route for liquidity through market trading.
Characteristics of Interval Funds
Restricted Liquidity
Investors can only buy or redeem units at specified intervals.Long-Term Focus
Fund managers have greater control over investments without frequent redemption pressures.Alternative Investments
These funds often invest in unconventional assets such as real estate, private equity, and infrastructure.Mandatory Stock Exchange Listing
Some schemes require listing, offering an additional liquidity option.Predetermined Redemption Windows
The fund house specifies intervals with a minimum two-day window and a 15-day gap between consecutive redemption periods.
Advantages of Interval Funds
Potential for Higher Returns
Due to investments in less liquid, high-yielding assets, these funds may generate better returns than traditional open-ended mutual funds.Reduced Market Volatility
Since redemptions are restricted, fund managers can focus on a stable investment strategy without reacting to short-term market fluctuations.Access to Alternative Investments
Retail investors gain exposure to institutional-grade assets such as private debt, commercial real estate, and infrastructure.Periodic Redemption Opportunities
Although liquidity is limited, interval funds provide scheduled exit opportunities, allowing investors to plan their financial goals effectively.Structured Investment Approach
With predefined intervals, investors are encouraged to stay invested for longer durations, leading to potential wealth accumulation over time.
While interval funds may not be suitable for every investor, they provide a valuable option for those looking to invest in non-traditional asset classes while maintaining a disciplined investment strategy.
Important Considerations About Interval Funds
Before investing in interval funds, investors should carefully evaluate their financial goals, liquidity needs, and risk tolerance. Unlike traditional mutual funds, interval funds restrict buy and sell transactions to specific timeframes, making them less flexible. Additionally, these funds typically invest in less-liquid assets, such as real estate and private debt, which can influence risk and return potential. While interval mutual fund meaning aligns with a hybrid structure between open-ended and closed-ended funds, investors should assess whether its illiquidity and return prospects fit their investment strategy.
Tax Implications Based on Asset Allocation
The taxation of an interval mutual fund depends on its asset allocation:
- If ≥ 65% of the fund's portfolio is in equities (treated as equity fund):
- Short-term capital gains (STCG) <1 year – taxed at 15%.
- Long-term capital gains (LTCG) >1 year above ₹1 lakh – taxed at 10% (no indexation).
- If ≥ 65% is in debt instruments (treated as debt fund):
- STCG <3 years – taxed per investor’s income slab.
- LTCG ≥ 3 years – taxed at 20% with indexation benefits.
Understanding these tax implications can help investors align fund choices with tax-efficiency goals.
Illiquidity and Redemption Constraints
- Redemptions are allowed only during predefined intervals (e.g., quarterly/annual); no on-demand exits.
- No secondary market—units cannot be sold outside redemption windows.
- Exit load does not unlock liquidity; must still wait for next window.
- Limited access during emergency financial needs.
Ensure your investment horizon aligns with the fund’s redemption schedule before committing.
Investment Alignment with Horizon
- Best for investors with predetermined horizons matching redemption periods.
- Primarily debt-oriented—relatively stable but lower returns than equities.
- Expected returns: 6–8% per annum over a 5-year period.
- Not suitable for those needing quick liquidity.
Match your time frame and liquidity needs when considering interval funds.
Who Should Consider Interval Funds?
Interval funds are suitable for investors who:
- Seek diversification beyond traditional assets and accept lower liquidity.
- Prefer exposure to illiquid assets like commercial real estate or private loans.
- Have a conservative risk profile with short- to medium-term goals.
- Can align future commitments (e.g., down payment, education fees) with structured redemption periods.
Considerations for Investors
Key factors before investing:
- Understand the restricted liquidity—only during specified intervals.
- Evaluate your risk appetite and financial objectives—interval funds are not for aggressive investors.
- Be aware of taxation based on equity vs. debt allocation.
Key Considerations for Investors
Investment Time Frame
Interval funds suit investors with defined horizons aligned to redemption windows. They are not ideal if you require immediate access to funds.
Risk Factors
Illiquidity and exposure to non-traditional assets carry extra risks. Lack of a secondary market limits exits during emergencies.
Expected Returns
Typically offer moderate returns (6–8% p.a.), higher than some fixed-income instruments but lower than equity funds. Match your return expectations accordingly.
Financial Objectives
Ideal for conservative investors with specific future financial needs, seeking stable returns and alternative asset exposure.
List of Interval Funds in India
The following table highlights some of the interval funds available in India, based on their performance over the past five years:
Name of the Scheme
| 1 Year Return (%)
| 3 Year Return (%)
| 5 Year Return (%)
|
IDFC Yearly Series Interval Fund – Series II
| 8.55
| 7.47
| 8.03
|
Reliance Yearly Interval Fund – Series I – Growth
| 8.53
| 7.71
| 7.98
|
Reliance Interval Fund – Annual – Series I – Retail Growth
| 7.99
| 7.46
| 7.85
|
Reliance Interval Fund – Quarterly – Series II – Retail Growth
| 7.60
| 7.43
| 7.82
|
UTI Fixed Interval Income Fund – Annual Interval Plan – Series IV – Growth
| 6.19
| 6.95
| 7.69
|
Final Thoughts
Interval funds present a unique investment opportunity for individuals seeking exposure to alternative assets while maintaining a relatively lower risk profile. Their structured redemption windows provide fund managers with stability, allowing them to develop strategic investment plans without the pressure of frequent withdrawals. However, their illiquidity makes them less suitable for investors who require immediate access to their funds. Those considering interval funds should align their investment horizon with the fund’s redemption schedule to maximise their benefits.
Investors should also carefully evaluate the tax implications, as these funds are taxed based on the proportion of assets allocated to equity or debt. While interval funds may not be the best choice for aggressive growth investors, they can serve as a stable component in a diversified portfolio. As with any investment, conducting thorough research and assessing one’s financial objectives are essential steps before committing to an interval fund.