If you have ever wondered what makes someone a High Net-Worth Individual (HNI), it is really about assets. In India, the threshold is usually set around ₹5 crores. People in this category often have a strong presence in the stock market. Take IPOs, for example — a portion of shares is reserved only for them. Understanding how HNIs build and manage wealth can be useful for anyone trying to step up their financial game.
How do High Net Worth Individuals Work?
HNIs work differently because of the scale of money they handle. Their approach to investments is not just about chasing returns; it is also about choosing where their money will have the most impact.
They often move beyond common routes like savings accounts or mutual funds. Many branch out into real estate, private equity, or even international funds. This wider choice helps them balance growth with risk in ways smaller investors cannot always manage.
Types of High-Net-Worth Individuals
Wealthy Investors: Early-stage HNIs with ₹1 crore to ₹5 crore assets. Usually, professionals or entrepreneurs increase wealth.
Mid-Level HNIs: Hold assets of ₹5 crore to ₹50 crores. Invest in premium segments, such as private equity and high-value property.
Ultra-HNIs (UHNI): Own assets above ₹50 crore. Their focus is on global markets, luxury real estate, and exclusive funds.
Affluent investors are usually still building their base, experimenting and diversifying as they grow. Mid-level HNIs, more experienced, look for refined options to strengthen their portfolios. Ultra-HNIs, at the top tier, concentrate on wealth preservation and global opportunities.
How to Become an HNI Investor?
Build Your Asset Base: Start by setting aside at least ₹2,00,000. It can be invested in shares, mutual funds, or property. The aim is to collect enough capital to qualify under the HNI category for IPOs.
Check Bank Access: Ensure you have internet banking. HNIs cannot apply for IPOs using UPI. You can also apply by completing a form at your bank branch.
Log In and Apply: Use your bank’s online portal. Look for the IPO application section.
Select the HNI Category: This step is important. Selecting the right category ensures you are considered under the HNI quota.
Place Your Bid: Choose the number of lots you want to bid for. Your investment must cross ₹2,00,000. The highest bid price gets blocked automatically.
Block Funds through ASBA: The ASBA (Application Supported by Blocked Amount) process allows you to block your funds until the IPO allotment is done. If you don't get shares, the blocked funds are released back to you.
Wait for Allotment: If you get shares, the blocked amount will be debited. In oversubscribed cases where only partial allotment occurs, then the remaining amount will be unlocked.
HNIs Investment Planning strategies:Equity: By diversifying across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap equities, you’re able to maximise opportunities while also managing risk.
Bonds: Corporate or government bonds are a good anchor to yield reliable income and stability.
Mutual Funds: Whether it’s the equity, debt, or hybrid mutual funds, they present flexibility to align with growth and purpose.
Private Equity: There is strength and opportunity in buying into unlisted companies; they’re looking for a strong return when they go public.
Private Debt: Loaning money to private companies could provide you with income, however, this is the highest risk.
Real Estate: Direct property investments or REITs can provide rental income and appreciation.
Benefits and Challenges Faced by HNIs
Benefits
Access to exclusive options like hedge funds, private equity, and structured products.
Personalised services in wealth, estate, and tax planning.
Lower transaction fees and better interest rates.
Challenges
Market declines can often cause severe losses.
Real estate and private equity are not always easy to liquidate.
Unregulated products may have higher risk.
Additional Read: How Do You Apply for an IPO Under the HNI Category?
Role of HNIs in IPOs and Market Movements
HNIs have a major impact on IPOs. SEBI reserves 15% of IPOs shares for Non Institutional Investors (NIIs) that include, HNIs.To qualify, you need to invest more than ₹2,00,000 in one application.
Their large financial appeals, can increase the level of expected demand, which can also affect listing prices. Their activity on listing day usually determines how the stock performs in the first few hours of trading.
Conclusion
High Net-Worth Individuals are important players in the financial ecosystem. They move money into highly exclusive investments, and their decisions can move markets. The risk is always present — volatility, liquidity or regulatory problems are always a part of the learning process. As investors decide they’d like to get started, the focus should be on disciplined learning and implementing the discipline that each player's actions suggest (it is partisan logic, do what they do), continue to know enough to build on growth — and abstract away big risk at every level.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Bajaj Broking Financial Services Ltd. (BFSL) makes no recommendations to buy or sell securities.