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SEBI has introduced key reforms in the equity F&O segment, including a delta-based OI calculation, higher Index Options limits of Rs.1,500 crore net and Rs.10,000 crore gross, and new MWPL rules tied to free float and cash volume to curb speculative activity.
India’s market regulator SEBI has implemented wide-ranging reforms in the equity Futures and Options (F&O) segment to better align derivatives with the cash market and reduce systemic risks. The updated norms introduce a delta-based method to calculate open interest, raise position limits for Index Options and Futures, and enable tighter intraday monitoring. These changes will be phased in from July to December 2025.
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Open interest to be measured on delta-based FutEq basis
MWPL linked to cash volume and free float
Higher index position limits: Rs.1,500 crore net, Rs.10,000 crore gross
Intraday MWPL monitoring to start from November 3, 2025
Pre-open session extended to F&O from December 6, 2025
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SEBI has moved away from the notional open interest model, opting instead for a delta-based or Future Equivalent (FutEq) approach. This method measures the risk exposure more accurately by calculating the price sensitivity of each contract. Exchanges have already begun reporting open interest using this updated metric to improve market transparency and reduce unnecessary bans on securities.
The Market-Wide Position Limit (MWPL) will now be linked to two factors: free float and average cash volume. The new threshold is capped at the lower of 15% of free float or 65 times the average cash volume across exchanges. This change aims to align derivative risk with cash market liquidity and mitigate manipulation. This will become effective from 1 October 2025.
For Index Options, SEBI has fixed the net FutEq OI at Rs.1,500 crore and gross limit at Rs.10,000 crore per PAN. For Index Futures, limits vary by participant category but start from Rs.500 crore or a fixed percentage of market-wide OI. These changes will roll out from 1 July 2025 and scale up through 5 December 2025.
Category | Limit Type | Limit Value |
Index Options | Net FutEq OI | Rs.1,500 crore |
Index Options | Gross FutEq OI | Rs.10,000 crore |
Index Futures (FPI Cat I, MFs) | Higher of | 15% of OI or Rs.500 crore |
Index Futures (FPI Cat II) | Higher of | 10% of OI or Rs.500 crore |
In a move mirroring the equity cash market, a pre-open session will now be introduced for both stock and index futures during the expiry phase. Also, exchanges must conduct four random intraday checks of MWPL usage in single stocks. Any breaches will lead to enhanced surveillance and penalties. These checks begin from 3 November 2025.
Derivatives on non-benchmark indices will require a minimum of 14 constituents. Additionally, the top constituent’s weight must not exceed 20%, and the top three combined must remain below 45%. These changes seek to improve diversity and reduce concentration risk in index-linked products. The rules take effect from 3 November 2025.
SEBI has fixed single-stock position limits at 10% of MWPL for individuals and 20% for proprietary brokers. FPIs and brokers will be capped at 30%. This step ensures broader market participation without letting a few players control excessive volumes. The new limits are effective from 1 October 2025.
Mutual Funds and Alternative Investment Funds will now calculate both long and short positions in Options using the FutEq methodology. This ensures consistency with other reforms. A separate SEBI circular will provide detailed compliance guidelines in due course.
With the latest changes in the equity F&O segment, SEBI aims to strike a balance between market efficiency and systemic safety. From reworking open interest calculation to enhancing intraday surveillance and position limits, these reforms intend to create a more robust and transparent derivatives ecosystem.
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Source: X (Twitter)
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