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SEBI Notifies New F&O Rules With Higher Index Limits and Risk Measures

Synopsis:

SEBI has introduced key reforms in the equity F&O segment, including a delta-based OI calculation, higher Index Options limits of Rs.1,500 crore net and Rs.10,000 crore gross, and new MWPL rules tied to free float and cash volume to curb speculative activity.


India’s market regulator SEBI has implemented wide-ranging reforms in the equity Futures and Options (F&O) segment to better align derivatives with the cash market and reduce systemic risks. The updated norms introduce a delta-based method to calculate open interest, raise position limits for Index Options and Futures, and enable tighter intraday monitoring. These changes will be phased in from July to December 2025.

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Key Takeaways

  • Open interest to be measured on delta-based FutEq basis

  • MWPL linked to cash volume and free float

  • Higher index position limits: Rs.1,500 crore net, Rs.10,000 crore gross

  • Intraday MWPL monitoring to start from November 3, 2025

  • Pre-open session extended to F&O from December 6, 2025

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New Risk-Based OI Framework Using FutEq

SEBI has moved away from the notional open interest model, opting instead for a delta-based or Future Equivalent (FutEq) approach. This method measures the risk exposure more accurately by calculating the price sensitivity of each contract. Exchanges have already begun reporting open interest using this updated metric to improve market transparency and reduce unnecessary bans on securities.

MWPL Now Tied To Cash Market Depth

The Market-Wide Position Limit (MWPL) will now be linked to two factors: free float and average cash volume. The new threshold is capped at the lower of 15% of free float or 65 times the average cash volume across exchanges. This change aims to align derivative risk with cash market liquidity and mitigate manipulation. This will become effective from 1 October 2025.

Increased Index Position Limits With PAN-Level Cap

For Index Options, SEBI has fixed the net FutEq OI at Rs.1,500 crore and gross limit at Rs.10,000 crore per PAN. For Index Futures, limits vary by participant category but start from Rs.500 crore or a fixed percentage of market-wide OI. These changes will roll out from 1 July 2025 and scale up through 5 December 2025.

Table: New Index Position Limits (PAN-Wise)

Category

Limit Type

Limit Value

Index Options

Net FutEq OI

Rs.1,500 crore

Index Options

Gross FutEq OI

Rs.10,000 crore

Index Futures (FPI Cat I, MFs)

Higher of

15% of OI or Rs.500 crore

Index Futures (FPI Cat II)

Higher of

10% of OI or Rs.500 crore

Pre-Open Session For F&O, Stricter Intraday Checks

In a move mirroring the equity cash market, a pre-open session will now be introduced for both stock and index futures during the expiry phase. Also, exchanges must conduct four random intraday checks of MWPL usage in single stocks. Any breaches will lead to enhanced surveillance and penalties. These checks begin from 3 November 2025.

New Eligibility For Non-Benchmark Indices

Derivatives on non-benchmark indices will require a minimum of 14 constituents. Additionally, the top constituent’s weight must not exceed 20%, and the top three combined must remain below 45%. These changes seek to improve diversity and reduce concentration risk in index-linked products. The rules take effect from 3 November 2025.

Standardised Limits For Single Stock And Entity-Level Exposure

SEBI has fixed single-stock position limits at 10% of MWPL for individuals and 20% for proprietary brokers. FPIs and brokers will be capped at 30%. This step ensures broader market participation without letting a few players control excessive volumes. The new limits are effective from 1 October 2025.

Options Exposure Rules For MFs And AIFs

Mutual Funds and Alternative Investment Funds will now calculate both long and short positions in Options using the FutEq methodology. This ensures consistency with other reforms. A separate SEBI circular will provide detailed compliance guidelines in due course.

With the latest changes in the equity F&O segment, SEBI aims to strike a balance between market efficiency and systemic safety. From reworking open interest calculation to enhancing intraday surveillance and position limits, these reforms intend to create a more robust and transparent derivatives ecosystem.

Also read: India to Become World’s 3rd Largest Economy by 2030: SECI Summit 2025

Source: X (Twitter)

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