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What is Trade Settlement?

In the stock market, when a trade is placed to buy or sell a security, it is not completed instantly. The actual transfer of ownership, known as trade settlement, takes place after the transaction is confirmed. This settlement involves two key parties—the buyer and the seller—who exchange the agreed securities and funds through a clearing corporation. The duration between trade execution and settlement is generally referred to as the settlement cycle.

In India, many trades are settled on a T+1 basis. This means the settlement takes place one business day after the trade date. For example, if a stock is bought on Monday, the buyer will receive the shares on Tuesday, and the seller will get the money. This process ensures transparency, reduces risks, and helps maintain order in financial markets. Understanding what is trade settlement helps investors track when they actually gain ownership of the asset they have traded.

What is the Settlement Date?

The date on which your trade settles is called the settlement date or the date of trade settlement payment. The transaction date is denoted by "T", and the settlement date typically takes "T+2" days. A trade settlement date ensures no delay in executing the transaction. The settlement period ensures the clearing agents get sufficient time to ensure the proper transfer of shares and cash.

What is Settlement in Stock Market and the Different Types?

There are types of settlement in stock market. Settlement is the final stage related to a trade order and can be categorised as follows:

  1. Spot Settlement -

    A spot settlement allows for a trade settlement immediately following the T+2 rolling settlement principal.
  2. Forward Settlement -

    A forward settlement might be used to settle a trade in the future on T+5 or T+7.

Meaning of Rolling Settlement

A rolling settlement involves the trade settlement being made in the successive days of the trade. A rolling settlement typically takes T+2 days. Let us look at a T+2 settlement example. If you place a buy order on a Monday, the shares will get credited into your account by Wednesday, assuming there is no holiday and the markets are open from Monday through Wednesday. Similarly, buying a stock on a Friday lets the shares get deposited into your account the following Tuesday.

What is trade settlement process on BSE?

Now that you know what trade settlement is, let us understand the settlement process on the BSE. All securities comprising the equity segment, government and fixed-income securities are settled on the BSE in "T+2" days. As per the BSE regulations, the pay-in and pay-out of monies and securities must be completed on the same day. After the BSE conducts the pay-out of funds and securities, it takes up to one working day to deliver securities and client payment.

What is trade Settlement in the NSE?

The trade settlement process on the NSE is described as follows.

Working DaysActivity
TRolling settlement trading
T+1Clearing (This includes custodial confirmation and delivery generation)
T+2Settlement through securities and funds pay-in and pay-out
T+2Post settlement auction
T+3Auction settlement
T+4Reporting for bad deliveries
T+6Pay-in-pay-out of rectified bad deliveries
T+8Re-reporting of bad deliveries
T+9Closing of re-bad deliveries

Settlement Violations

Settlement violations comprise cases wherein a trade is completed, but there is insufficient settled cash in the investor's account. The brokerage firm settles the contract if an investor does not submit the required funds by the settlement date. The brokerage firm may sell the investor's assets and penalise them for losses arising from a security value loss. The brokerage may even charge a particular interest or fee along with the penalty.

Conclusion

Trade settlement is the final step in a securities transaction, where the buyer receives the securities and the seller gets the payment. It ensures the proper transfer of ownership and timely movement of funds. Following the settlement timeline is essential to avoid penalties and maintain smooth trading activity. Understanding this process helps investors stay informed, fulfil their responsibilities, and avoid any delays or violations in the financial markets.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is meant by trade settlement date?

Answer Field

The trade settlement date is the date when a trade is officially finalised and ownership of securities is transferred. This date is crucial in the trade settlement process to ensure all obligations are met.

Can I sell my stock before the date of settlement?

Answer Field

Yes, you can sell your stock before the settlement date. However, it is important to ensure that the sale does not interfere with the trade settlement process for the original transaction.

Who are the participants that are involved in the process of settlement?

Answer Field

Participants in the trade settlement process typically include brokers, clearing houses and custodians. Each plays a vital role in ensuring that trades are settled efficiently and accurately.

What are the terms ‘pay-in’ and ‘pay-out’?

Answer Field

‘Pay-in’ refers to the transfer of securities from the seller to the buyer, while ‘pay-out’ involves the transfer of funds from the buyer to the seller. Both are crucial components of the trade settlement process.

What is the T1 Trade Settlement?

Answer Field

T1 Trade Settlement refers to a settlement that occurs one business day after the trade date. This expedited process is part of the evolving types of settlement aimed at increasing efficiency in financial markets.

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Disclaimer :

The information on this website is provided on "AS IS" basis. Bajaj Broking (BFSL) does not warrant the accuracy of the information given herein, either expressly or impliedly, for any particular purpose and expressly disclaims any warranties of merchantability or suitability for any particular purpose. While BFSL strives to ensure accuracy, it does not guarantee the completeness, reliability, or timeliness of the information. Users are advised to independently verify details and stay updated with any changes.

The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only and is subject to change without prior notice. BFSL shall not be responsible for any consequences arising from reliance on the information provided herein and shall not be held responsible for all or any actions that may subsequently result in any loss, damage and or liability. Interest rates, fees, and charges etc., are revised from time to time, for the latest details please refer to our Pricing page.

Neither the information, nor any opinion contained in this website constitutes a solicitation or offer by BFSL or its affiliates to buy or sell any securities, futures, options or other financial instruments or provide any investment advice or service.

BFSL is acting as distributor for non-broking products/ services such as IPO, Mutual Fund, Insurance, PMS, and NPS. These are not Exchange Traded Products. For more details on risk factors, terms and conditions please read the sales brochure carefully before investing.

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing. This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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