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After Hours Trading Definition

After-hours trading may seem an advanced term for a beginner, however, after reading this article, you will be able to expand your trading opportunities by using After-hours trading. In this article, we will answer the question “what is after hours trading in India?” and discuss how do you trade after hours. In addition, we will discuss the risk associated with it.

What Is After-hours Trading?

After-hour trading is exactly what it sounds like: it refers to taking trades beyond the regular trading hours. i.e., once the stock market closes for the day.

After-hour trading sessions may happen before or after the regular trading session. Typically, After-hour trading in India is between- 4:00 PM to 8:55 AM (BSE) and 4:00 PM to 8:55 AM (NSE).

The duration for the same differs depending on the market situation. From the type of securities available for trading, to the type of orders accepted, this feature has a set of rules and guidelines that the investors must follow.

Earlier, trading outside the normal hours was limited to High Net Worth Individual (HNI) , and Non-Institutional Investor (NII) but now, technology has made it possible for the average investor to place orders for after-hour execution. A retail investor can select an AMO (After Market Order) on the broker’s platform to place an order post the regular trading hours.

Understanding after-hours Trading

After-hours trading is making investments or trading after the regular trading hours. Here, you get a chance to place the order when the stock exchanges (NSE & BSE) and the market is closed for the day.

The emergence of Electronic Communication Networks (ECN) is helping expand access to after-hours trading, making it possible for retail investors to place trades outside of regular trading hours. This helps investors to act quickly on news, events, and activity that occur when the NSE & BSE are closed.

How to Trade After-Hours

After-hours trading takes place outside regular market hours, typically between 4:00 PM and 8:00 PM (Eastern Time) in the United States. To trade after-hours, investors need to use an electronic communication network (ECN) provided by their brokerage. Not all stocks are available for after-hours trading, and liquidity may be lower compared to regular trading hours, increasing the risk of price fluctuations.

To start trading after-hours, investors must ensure their brokerage allows extended trading and understand any associated fees. Orders placed after-hours are typically limited to limit orders, meaning investors must specify a price rather than relying on market orders. Since fewer participants are involved, spreads between bid and ask prices may be wider. Market-moving news released after-hours can also significantly impact stock prices, leading to sudden gains or losses. Investors should remain cautious and monitor company earnings reports, economic data releases, and geopolitical events that could impact after-hours price movements.

What are after-hours Trading Timings?

The exchange (NSE & BSE) closes at 3.45 PM and re-opens at 9:00 AM, the next day. After-hours trading takes place in the period between when the market closes and then re-opens the next trading day.

If you want to do equity trading, the after-hours trading takes place from 4:00 PM to 8:55 AM for BSE and 4:00 PM to 8:55 AM for NSE.

And if you want to trade in derivatives such as Future and Options (F&O), the after-hours trading takes place between 4:00 PM and 8:55 AM .

Why Is After-hours Trading Important?

While the entire world waits for those regular trading hours to invest in the share market which is a standard choice, there are investors who look forward to exploring the opportunities of after-hours trading.

Benefits of After-Hours Trading

  • Convenience: After-hours trading is a convenient feature for investors to place orders post the regular market hours.
  • Opportunity to take advantage of market news: After Market Hours trading provides investors with the opportunity to trade with the information (after the closing of the market on a regular trading day) which can have a short-term effect. One can take action with regard to breaking news stories or fresh information before the next day’s market open.
  • Technical analysis: You can analyze the stock chart and react to it prior to the market opening at 9:00 AM, the next day.

Risks of After-Hours Trading

After-hours trading comes with certain risks which are not associated with trading on an exchange during regular trading sessions. The major risks of after-hours trading are as follows:

  • Price Risk: Some brokers will accept your after-market hours order at market price on the opening day only. So, you should check the feature on the brokers’ platform before using it.
  • Risk of News Announcements: Normally, news announcements, and important financial information may get announced outside of regular market hours which may cause an exaggerated effect on share prices and an after-market order may go into loss as soon as the market opens.

How After-Hours Trading Affects the Stock Price

After-hours trading can cause significant price fluctuations due to lower trading volume and higher volatility. Since fewer buyers and sellers are active during extended hours, bid-ask spreads tend to widen, making it difficult to execute trades at favourable prices. News such as earnings reports, mergers, or regulatory announcements can trigger sharp movements in stock prices, as institutional investors react quickly.

Price changes in after-hours trading can impact the opening price the next day. If a stock surges or declines significantly after-hours, it may set the tone for regular market hours. However, price movements in after-hours trading do not always translate into similar trends during normal trading hours, as broader market participation may stabilise the price. Investors should use after-hours data cautiously, considering liquidity constraints and the potential for market sentiment shifts once regular trading resumes.

Example of After-Hours Trading  

A classic example of after-hours trading impact is seen during company earnings announcements. Suppose a major tech company like Apple reports higher-than-expected quarterly earnings after the market closes. Investors rush to buy the stock in after-hours trading, causing the stock price to surge by 5%. The next morning, the stock opens at a significantly higher price than its previous close.

Conversely, negative news can trigger steep declines. For example, if a pharmaceutical company announces that a key drug failed regulatory approval after-hours, its stock may drop sharply before regular trading resumes. This drop can lead to panic selling at the market open, sometimes extending losses further. Such movements highlight the importance of after-hours trading in determining the initial market sentiment before the next trading session begins.

Conclusion

We hope now you are clear with what is After- hour trading and how it works? It may come with risks, but share trading is anyway risky. If done wisely, you can reap the benefits.

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