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Steel Authority of India Ltd. - History, Overview & Future Outlook

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Steel Authority of India Ltd. - History, Overview & Future Outlook

Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) is one of the largest steel-making companies in India. It is a public sector company and plays a major role in the steel sector of the country. SAIL produces and sells many steel products, including hot and cold rolled sheets, coils, bars, rods, and structural steel. It has several large steel plants across India. These include plants in Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro, and Burnpur, among others. SAIL also makes products for the railways, defence, and construction sectors. The company is known for its strong presence and long-standing contribution to India’s industrial development.

About Steel Authority of India Ltd.

Details

Information

Founded Year

1973

Industry Type

Steel Production

Headquarters

New Delhi, India

Key People

Mr. Amarendu Prakash (Chairman)

History

SAIL started its journey in 1954 as Hindustan Steel Ltd. It was originally created to manage one steel plant at Rourkela. Later, more plants like Bhilai and Durgapur were added. In 1973, the Indian government formed Steel Authority of India Ltd. to manage all the major steel plants. This helped bring all key operations under one company. Over the years, SAIL has grown its operations and even partnered with NTPC to set up a power company. It earned Maharatna status in 2010 and launched new branded steel products. SAIL also plans to grow further with new technologies and expanded production goals by 2030.

Industry and Sector

SAIL operates within the steel manufacturing industry. This industry is part of the larger industrial and infrastructure sector. Steel is used in many areas like buildings, railways, cars, and oil pipelines. The steel industry in India is very important because it supports other major industries. SAIL is a central public sector enterprise, which means it is owned by the government and helps meet national needs. The steel sector often grows when the economy grows and may slow down during low demand periods. This makes the sector both important and challenging.

Key Business Areas

SAIL produces a wide range of steel products. These include TMT bars, plates, structural steel, pipes, wheels, and axles. It supplies steel to key customers like the Indian Railways, Defence, construction firms, and many more industries. SAIL also makes special steel for use in oil, gas, and automobiles. It runs five integrated steel plants and three special alloy plants. These are spread across states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. The company’s large network helps it meet the needs of various customers across India.

Steel Authority of India Ltd. – Key Highlights

A quick look at SAIL’s mission, achievements, and latest updates.

Mission & Vision

Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) aims to become a respected world-class company and a leader in India’s steel industry by focusing on quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction. Its mission is to achieve sustainable growth and establish a strong presence in the global steel market. SAIL prioritises efficiency, innovation, and consistent improvement in its operations to stay competitive in changing market conditions. The mission serves as a foundation for the company’s long-term planning and aligns its efforts with national development goals and international standards.

Milestones and Achievements

In 2023–24, SAIL recorded its highest-ever production in hot metal, crude steel, and saleable steel. The company produced 20.5 million tonnes of hot metal and 19.2 million tonnes of crude steel. Saleable steel stood at 18.4 million tonnes. SAIL also achieved record sales of 17.1 million tonnes. These results show growth in performance and demand. Such progress highlights the strength of SAIL’s operations and its role in meeting India’s steel needs.

Recent Developments or News

In 2025, SAIL received the Tier II Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) certificate. This certification is given by the Directorate of International Customs. It shows that SAIL meets global standards and helps in faster customs processes. The AEO status brings advantages like improved security, faster clearance, and better global reputation. It also helps SAIL in global trade and makes its supply chain more efficient.

Financial Overview of Steel Authority of India Ltd.

A short summary of SAIL’s financial performance and trends is outlined below:

Revenue and Profit Trends

SAIL’s revenue in FY 2024–25 was ₹1,03,354 crore, slightly lower than the ₹1,06,445 crore in FY 2023–24. Net profit also dropped to ₹1,885 crore from ₹2,628 crore. This drop could mean higher costs or lower steel prices. Still, the company remains profitable. SAIL's performance is linked to global steel demand and prices, which can be unpredictable.

Key Financial Ratios

Ratio

FY 2025 

Return on Equity (ROE)

4.02%

Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)

6.50%

Interest Coverage Ratio

4.12x

Price to Earnings (P/E)

20.04x

Price to Book (P/B)

0.81x

EV/EBITDA

6.62x

EBITDA Margin

11.24%

Recent Quarterly/Annual Results

SAIL’s Q4 results for FY 2024–25 show a profit of ₹1,251 crore, up 11% from the same quarter last year. Revenue for this quarter rose by 4.8% to ₹29,316 crore. Most of the profits came from the IISCO and Alloy Steel Plants. This rise indicates a better performance in selected units and steady market demand.

Steel Authority of India Ltd. Share Price Performance

A look at how the Steel Authority of India’s share price has moved in the market.

Historical Share Price Trends

The Steel Authority of India share price has experienced several shifts in recent months. On June 13, 2025, the stock was priced at ₹129.35. As of June 23, 2025, it stands at ₹126.76, indicating a slight downward trend. Despite recent fluctuations, the share has delivered notable long-term returns. Over the past three years, the Steel Authority of India’s share price has risen by 96.43%, outperforming the Nifty 50 index, which gained 63.6% during the same period. 

The company's Return on Equity (ROE) has ranged from 3.97% to 22.58% over the last five financial years. These figures highlight that while the stock may show short-term movements, it has demonstrated strong performance in the medium term. The Steel Authority of India share price reflects broader market trends and the cyclical nature of the steel industry, where demand and pricing conditions play a key role in stock movement.

52-Week High/Low

SAIL’s 52-week high was ₹159.30 and the low was ₹99.15. This range shows the stock’s volatility over the past year. Investors should watch these levels to understand the stock’s past performance.

Price Volatility and Market Cap

SAIL has a 1-year beta of 1.82, meaning it’s more volatile than the market. Its market cap is ₹52,701 crore, showing it's a large-cap company. Market cap reflects the company’s total market value and investor interest.

Pros & Cons of Steel Authority of India Ltd.

SAIL has a strong base with many plants and steady government support. It serves many key industries. However, being in the steel sector, it depends on global prices. The stock is also cyclical. In boom times, it may do well, but in slowdowns it can struggle. It is important to track demand and pricing trends.

Steel Authority of India Ltd. Stock Fundamentals

Key numbers that help you understand how the company is doing financially.

P/E Ratio, EPS, ROE, etc.

Metric

Value

P/E Ratio (x)

22.13

EPS (TTM)

₹5.74

ROE 

4.02%

ROCE 

6.50%

P/B Ratio 

0.89x

Debt-to-Equity Ratio

0.63

Book Value

₹142.61

Dividend Yield

1.26%

Face Value

₹10

Dividend History

SAIL has a long history of paying dividends. Recently, it declared a ₹1.6 per share final dividend for FY 2024–25. This adds to the ₹1.00 interim dividend earlier. Over the years, SAIL has paid dividends both during good times and downturns, showing consistency in shareholder returns.

Shareholding Pattern 

After Steel Authority of India share price details, let’s understand the shareholding pattern in the company. As of 31st March 2025, the shareholding pattern in SAIL was as follows:

Category

Shareholding (%)

Promoters

65.00

FII

3.21

DII

15.73

Mutual Funds

4.06

Others

16.06

Competitors of Steel Authority of India Ltd.

Let's see how SAIL compares with other big players in the steel industry:

Peer Comparison 

Company

Price

PE

P/B

ROE

1Yr %

Profit (Cr)

Sales (Cr)

Debt/Equity

SAIL

127.10

22.14

0.91

4.02

-18.23

1,885

102,479

0.51

JSW Steel

999.20

69.73

3.07

4.40

6.65

3,802

168,824

1.21

Tata Steel

152.64

55.71

2.11

3.75

-15.17

2,982

218,542

0.98

Hindalco

661.00

9.28

1.29

12.93

-3.43

15,999

238,496

0.50

Jindal Steel

911.25

33.05

1.96

5.95

-15.41

2,854

49,764

0.38

Market Positioning

SAIL is a key player in India’s public sector steel space. It supplies to defence, railways, and infrastructure. Though smaller in market cap compared to private rivals like Tata Steel and JSW, its strong government backing and wide plant network make it a dependable steel supplier for strategic needs.

Future Outlook for Steel Authority of India Ltd.

The following section assesses what lies ahead for SAIL as it plans growth and deals with market challenges.

Growth Opportunities

SAIL plans to invest ₹30,000 crore in expanding its Rourkela plant by 2030. The plant will support defence and automobile sectors. The company is also working to reach a steel capacity of 35 million tonnes by FY 2032. It is focusing on green steel technology with lower emissions. With government's focus on infrastructure, demand may increase in coming years.

Risks and Challenges

SAIL is a cyclical stock. It performs well when the economy is strong and slows when demand drops. Its profits depend on global steel prices, which are often volatile. Trade policies, Chinese demand, and global interest rates all affect it. Investors should understand these factors before looking at commodity-linked stocks like SAIL.

How to Track Steel Authority of India Ltd.'s Share Price?

SAIL’s share price can be tracked during trading hours on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Investors can follow market data such as price movements, trading volumes, and historical performance using stock tracking tools or financial news sources. For official updates, financial results, and investor communications, it is recommended to visit the company’s website at www.sail.co.in. This ensures access to accurate and timely information directly from the source.

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