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India Curbs Bangladesh Imports via Land Routes to Tackle Trade Gap

Synopsis:

India restricts Bangladeshi imports worth USD 770 million through land ports, impacting 42% of total trade. Affected products include garments and food items. The move follows trade curbs by Dhaka and aims to protect Indian industry and regional trade balance.


India has introduced new restrictions on imports from Bangladesh via land ports, affecting key products worth approximately USD 770 million. The decision, issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), comes amid rising trade imbalances and recent diplomatic tensions. This measure impacts 42% of India’s total bilateral imports from Bangladesh and redirects high-volume goods such as readymade garments, plastic goods, and food items exclusively to specific seaports or blocks them entirely from land-based entry.

The curbs are expected to significantly hit Bangladesh’s exports to India, especially in the textile and processed food sectors. This move aligns with India's strategy to safeguard its domestic manufacturing sector, particularly in the northeastern region.

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Key Takeaways

  1. Imports worth USD 770 million affected, accounting for 42% of bilateral trade.

  2. Restrictions target garments, processed food, plastic goods, and more.

  3. Bangladeshi garments now allowed only through Kolkata and Nhava Sheva seaports.

  4. The policy counters Bangladesh’s own curbs on Indian exports via land ports.

  5. The move supports India’s northeastern economy and the Atmanirbhar Bharat push.

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Textile Sector at the Forefront of Trade Action

Bangladesh’s readymade garment exports to India, valued at over USD 700 million annually, are a key focus of the new restrictions. The DGFT’s directive allows these imports only through two designated seaports—Kolkata and Nhava Sheva—shutting off access via Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, and other northeastern entry points.

This restriction directly mirrors Bangladesh’s April 2025 policy that banned Indian yarn imports through land ports, a move perceived as protecting its domestic textile mills at the cost of Indian exporters.

Breakdown of India-Bangladesh Import Routes

Product Category

Previous Entry Routes

Current Permitted Route(s)

Annual Import Value (USD mn)

Readymade Garments

Land ports + seaports

Kolkata, Nhava Sheva (Seaports)

618

Processed Food

Land ports

Blocked or redirected to seaports

Plastic Goods

Land ports

Blocked or redirected to seaports

Trade Retaliation and Regional Impact

India’s action follows a series of trade barriers imposed by Dhaka since late 2024, including bans on Indian rice, paper, yarn, tobacco, and dairy products. Bangladesh also levied a transit fee on Indian goods passing through its territory, impacting trade access for India's northeast.

These new restrictions aim to counter those measures while restoring equitable trade terms. The northeastern states, heavily reliant on trade through Bangladeshi ports, have faced challenges due to Dhaka’s shifting policies. By rerouting trade and limiting Bangladeshi access, India seeks to protect local businesses and reduce dependency on politically strained land corridors.

India continues to advocate for balanced trade while promoting its domestic industries. The new import policy is designed to address one-sided trade practices and ensure that the interests of India’s regional economies and manufacturing sectors remain protected.

Also read: BEL Secures Fresh Rs.572 Crore Defence Orders, Shares Surge

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