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Difference Between Open Ended and Close Ended Funds

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When exploring investment avenues in mutual funds, investors often come across two primary categories: open-ended and closed-ended funds. These categories define how the mutual funds operate in terms of subscription, redemption, trading, and fund management. While both types of funds aim to pool capital from various investors for investing in a diversified portfolio, their structures, liquidity features, and operational approaches vary significantly. Understanding the difference between open ended and close ended funds can help individuals make informed choices based on accessibility, duration, and liquidity considerations.

Open-ended and closed-ended funds are both popular investment vehicles, but they differ in structure and trading. An open end fund meaning is one where new shares are created as investors buy them. This provides flexibility for continuous buying and selling. In contrast, a closed end fund meaning refers to a fund that issues a fixed number of shares, which are traded on the stock exchange. This limited number of shares creates a market-driven price, where shares can be bought or sold, but not redeemed with the fund administrator.

Investors in an open end fund can redeem or buy shares directly from the fund, typically based on the daily Net Asset Value (NAV). In a closed end fund, once shares are issued, they are traded on the secondary market, and their value is determined by supply and demand, not the NAV. This makes closed-end funds more subject to market fluctuations.

What Are Open-Ended Mutual Funds?

An open end fund meaning refers to mutual funds that issue new shares whenever an investor buys them. These funds are continuously open for investment and can be bought or sold at the Net Asset Value (NAV). Open-ended funds offer high liquidity, allowing for easy entry and exit based on daily NAV updates.

Open-ended funds are not restricted by a set number of shares, providing flexibility. Investors can make purchases at any time, including through Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs). This feature makes them attractive for long-term investments, offering diversification and regular contributions for consistent growth.

What Are Closed-Ended Mutual Funds?

A closed end fund meaning refers to a mutual fund that issues a fixed number of shares during its Initial Public Offering (IPO). These shares are then traded on the stock exchange, and investors can buy or sell them on the secondary market, but they cannot redeem them directly from the fund.

Closed end funds offer stability because of their fixed number of shares. However, they are less liquid compared to open end funds because their shares are traded on the exchange rather than being directly redeemable. This structure is suitable for investors seeking long-term investments with minimal short-term fluctuations.

Key Differences about  Open-ended vs Closed-ended Mutual Fund 

Particulars

Open-Ended Mutual Funds

Closed-Ended Mutual Funds

Meaning

Continuously offers new units for subscription

New units only offered during the NFO period

Liquidity

High liquidity

Limited liquidity, can be sold on stock exchanges

Purchase/Sale of Units

Can buy/sell on any business day

Purchase during NFO, sell on exchanges or redeem at maturity

Investment Mode

Lump sum or SIP

Only lump sum investment

Maturity Period

No fixed maturity period

Predetermined maturity period

Mode of Trading

Directly through the AMC

Traded on stock exchanges

No. of Unit Holders

Varies based on subscriptions

Fixed unless sold on exchanges

Example of Open-Ended Fund

An example would be a large-cap equity mutual fund that allows investors to enter and exit any day the market is open. An investor purchasing units will get the NAV of that day (as per cut-off time rules). Similarly, redemptions are processed based on the NAV, and proceeds are transferred within a few business days.

The Invesco QQQ is an example of an open-ended fund. It is an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) that tracks major technology stocks, including Apple, Google, and Microsoft. Investors can buy and sell units of this fund based on its daily Net Asset Value (NAV), making it an easily tradable open-ended fund.

Example of Closed-Ended Fund

The BlackRock ESG Capital Allocation Term Trust (ECAT) is an example of a closed end fund. This fund manages money from investors and issues a fixed number of shares during its IPO. After the IPO, investors can trade the shares on the secondary market, but redemption is not possible directly with the fund.

Pros and Cons of Investing in Open Ended Fund

Below is a comparison of some notable characteristics associated with open-ended mutual funds:

Advantages

Disadvantages

High liquidity; units can be redeemed anytime

Market volatility can influence short-term returns

Continuous NAV-based trading

Entry and exit loads may apply in some cases

Suitable for long-term and short-term goals

Fund size can fluctuate frequently

Flexibility to start with low investment

May require monitoring and regular tracking

Enables systematic investment (SIP) options

NAV fluctuations can impact timing of investment

Pros

Cons

High liquidity; can buy/sell on any business day

Exposed to market timing risks

Flexible investment via SIP or lump sum

Market volatility can impact returns

Easily accessible to all types of investors

Fund management may dilute investment value

Transparent pricing based on daily NAV

Diversification may increase overall market risk

Ideal for long-term investing and rupee cost averaging (SIP)

Potential for poor fund management to impact returns

Pros and Cons of Investing in Closed Ended Fund

The table below highlights some commonly observed features of closed-ended mutual funds:

Advantages

Disadvantages

Fixed investment duration offers predictability

Limited entry and exit options post-NFO

Units can be traded on stock exchanges

Market liquidity and pricing may vary

Fund manager can implement long-term strategy

May trade at discount or premium to NAV

No frequent inflow/outflow pressures

Lower liquidity compared to open-ended funds

Suitable for structured portfolio allocation

Performance depends on market demand for units

Pros

Cons

Stability due to fixed number of shares

Limited liquidity; shares traded on stock exchange only

Less volatile than open-ended funds

Cannot redeem shares directly with the fund administrator

Ideal for medium-to-long-term investments

No flexibility for SIPs or additional purchases beyond IPO

Shares traded on secondary market

Market price may differ from Net Asset Value (NAV)

Suitable for investors with a long-term outlook

Fixed maturity period may not align with financial goals

Choosing Between Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Funds

  • Open-ended funds are ideal if you value liquidity, flexibility, and the ability to adjust your portfolio quickly.

  • Closed-ended funds might be suitable if you are looking for stability, have a long-term outlook, and are comfortable with limited liquidity.

  • Consider your investment goals, risk tolerance, and whether you want to invest via SIPs.

  • Choose open-end funds for flexibility and close-end funds for a more stable, long-term investment approach.

Both open-ended mutual fund and closed-ended mutual fund structures are designed to cater to varying investment objectives and planning horizons. Factors such as liquidity, tenure, and flexibility may influence the selection of fund type. Investors may evaluate these aspects based on their requirements and assess which structure aligns with their financial situation.

Open-ended vs Closed-ended Mutual Fund Schemes: Key Differences

The table below outlines key differences between open ended and closed ended mutual funds based on various parameters:

Parameter

Open-Ended Mutual Fund

Closed-Ended Mutual Fund

Subscription Period

Open for investment at any time

Open during NFO only

Maturity Period

No fixed maturity

Fixed maturity period

Liquidity

High; investors can redeem anytime at NAV

Limited; traded on exchange

NAV Availability

Calculated daily and applicable for all transactions

NAV available, but market price may vary on exchange

Transaction Mode

Directly through fund house or intermediaries

Post-NFO, only through stock exchange

Flexibility

Allows SIP, STP, and SWP

Generally does not offer SIP or SWP options

Fund Size

Variable; expands or contracts based on transactions

Fixed fund size

Pricing

Based on current NAV

Based on market price; may be at premium or discount

Conclusion

Both closed end funds and open end funds have distinct advantages. By assessing your financial goals, risk appetite, and investment time horizon, you can make a more informed decision on whether an open end fund or close end fund aligns better with your needs.

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Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.

This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How Do Open-Ended Funds Trade Stocks?

Answer Field

Open-ended funds do not trade stocks on the market like stocks or ETFs. Instead, when you invest in an open-ended fund, you buy shares directly from the fund, and the fund buys stocks and other assets on your behalf. The price of the fund’s shares is based on its Net Asset Value (NAV), which is calculated daily.

What Are the Various Types of Closed-Ended Mutual Funds?

Answer Field

Closed-ended mutual funds come in various types, including equity funds, bond funds, and hybrid funds. They invest in a mix of stocks, bonds, or both, and can also focus on specific sectors or investment strategies like leveraged or tax-exempt funds. These funds issue a fixed number of shares, and they are traded on stock exchanges.

Why Are They Called Closed-End Funds?

Answer Field

Closed-end funds are called so because, unlike open-ended funds, they do not accept new investments once the initial offering is closed. They have a fixed number of shares, and these shares are traded on the stock market, similar to stocks.

Can SIPs Be Done in Open-Ended Funds?

Answer Field

Yes, Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) can be done in open-ended funds. SIPs allow investors to invest a fixed amount regularly in the fund, providing flexibility and making it easier for investors to start with small amounts.

How Are Returns Generated in Open-Ended Funds Compared to Closed-Ended Funds?

Answer Field

In open-ended funds, returns are generated from the investments made in stocks, bonds, or other assets within the fund. These returns are reflected in the fund’s NAV. In closed-ended funds, returns are generated through similar investments, but because the number of shares is fixed, the fund may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV. Returns in both types of funds depend on the performance of the underlying assets.

What Happens When a Closed-End Fund Reaches Maturity?

Answer Field

When a closed-end fund reaches maturity, it is typically liquidated, and the proceeds are distributed to the shareholders. The maturity period varies based on the specific type of fund, and investors usually receive their invested amount plus any returns generated over time.

Can You Exit a Closed-End Fund Before Maturity?

Answer Field

Yes, you can exit a closed-end fund before its maturity by selling your shares on the stock exchange. The price at which you sell will depend on the market demand and supply, which may be above or below the Net Asset Value (NAV) of the fund.

What is open ended and closed ended mutual fund?

Answer Field

An open-ended mutual fund allows investors to subscribe and redeem units at any time without restrictions. In contrast, a closed-ended mutual fund is open for subscription only during the launch period (NFO) and has a fixed maturity period, with units traded on stock exchanges thereafter.

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Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing. This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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