Difference Between an Equity IPO and a Debt IPO

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    Synopsis:


    Debt IPOs and equity IPOs are two of the most prominent sources of capital for Companies raise money from the market in different ways. Equity IPOs and debt IPOs are two such methods. In an equity IPO, the company sells ownership through shares. In a debt IPO, the company borrows money for a fixed period. Both methods help companies raise funds, but the structure and purpose are different.


    When a company launches an equity IPO, it sells shares to the public. These shares show ownership. People who buy them become part owners of the company.

    A debt IPO works in another way. The company raises money by issuing debt instruments. Buyers do not get ownership. The company returns the money later, along with interest.

    The core difference between equity IPO and debt IPO is simple. Equity IPOs involve ownership while debt IPOs involve borrowing. Rights, returns, and repayment terms are different in both cases.

    What is an Equity IPO?

    An equity IPO (Initial Public Offering) is the avenue through which a hitherto privately held company offers its shares to the public for the first time. Initiating the process of an equity IPO is a pivotal step for a company to go public and have its shares listed and openly traded on a stock exchange. When a private company invites the public to subscribe to its shares, it can opt for one of the two major types of issues, namely a fixed price issue and a book building issue.

    • Fixed price issue

      In this type of equity IPO, the issuing company invites applications for its shares from the public at a fixed price.

    • Book building issue

      This type of equity IPO is marked by a price range for the shares on offer instead of a fixed price. Investors can quote any price from the aforementioned price band and submit their IPO application.

    After the completion of the application process for an equity IPO, share allotment is made. Subsequently, the shares of the issuing company get listed on a stock exchange where their prices are determined by the forces of market demand and supply.

    What is a Debt IPO?

    Another important source of raising capital for companies is a debt IPO. When companies opt for debt financing instead of equity financing, they can raise capital without having to dilute their shareholding pool. Investors can subscribe to the Non-convertible Debentures (NCDs) offered by the issuing company and enjoy a fixed interest income till the maturity of the instrument. The returns from NCDs are typically higher than conventional fixed-income instruments, making them appealing investment avenues.

    There are two major types of Non-convertible Debentures, that is debentures that cannot be converted into shares in the future, namely, Secured NCDs and Unsecured NCDs.

    • Secured NCDs

      This category of Non-convertible Debentures is backed by the security of the issuing company's assets. Therefore, secured NCDs are considered extremely safe investment vehicles.

    • Unsecured NCDs

      This type of NCDs do not have any collateral. However, investors can be assured of a fixed rate of interest on such instruments.

    Investors can apply to debt IPOs through registered stock brokers. Once the Non-convertible Debentures have been allocated, they get credited to the applicant's demat account. After the completion of the allocation process, most NCDs get listed on a stock exchange where investors can trade them at the prevailing market prices.

    Key Differences Between an Equity IPO and a Debt IPO

    Basis

    Equity IPO

    Debt IPO

    What it offers

    Shares of the company

    Debt instruments

    Ownership

    Gives ownership rights

    No ownership rights

    Return type

    Linked to company results

    Paid as fixed interest

    Repayment

    No repayment of shares

    Amount is repaid later

    Risk link

    Depends on business performance

    Depends on repayment ability

    Company role

    Shares ownership with buyers

    Borrows money from buyers

    Main purpose

    Raises long-term funds

    Raises borrowed funds

     

    Additional Read: How to Invest in an IPO Online

    Disclaimer :

    Investments in securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing. This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.


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    Content Partner - Dalal Street Investment Journal Wealth Advisory Private Limited



    This article is for educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice. Market investments are subject to risks. DSIJ Wealth Advisory Private Limited is a SEBI-registered Research Analyst (Reg. No: INH000006396) and Investment Adviser (Reg. No: INA000001142). Please consult your financial adviser before investing. 

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    Publish Date: 18 Jun 2024

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